Documenting Human Rights Abuses in India

We conduct comprehensive documentation, research, and data analysis to establish undeniable evidence of India’s atrocities. We partner with the world’s leading human rights experts and organizations to design and implement our documentation projects.

India's Security Forces & Their Crimes Against Humanity

We have definitively established that India’s security forces committed widespread and systematic torture, extrajudicial executions, and enforced disappearances, among other atrocities, arising to crimes against humanity under international law.

12,000+

Villages & Urban Areas Covered

‍5,298

‍Documented Cases Published

~21,000

Violent Deaths Documented

Documentation

Explore our educational articles to understand human rights issues in depth.

Violent Deaths and Enforced Disappearances During the Counterinsurgency in Punjab, India - FAQs

A Preliminary Quantitative Analysis FAQs

Violent Deaths and Enforced Disappearances During the Counterinsurgency in Punjab, India

This report analyzes reported fatal violence across Punjab during a period of conflict from 1984 to 1995. This preliminary, descriptive statistical analysis by Ensaaf and the Human Rights Data Analysis Group (HRDAG) at Benetech uses systematic and verifiable quantitative research to interrogate the Indian government's portrayal of the Punjab counterinsurgency as a successful campaign with isolated human rights violations.

Violent Deaths and Enforced Disappearances During the Counterinsurgency in Punjab, India

The report by Ensaaf and HRDAG, “Violent Deaths and Enforced Disappearances During the Counterinsurgency in Punjab, India,” presents empirical findings suggesting that the intensification of counterinsurgency operations in Punjab in the early 1990s was accompanied by a shift in state violence from targeted lethal human rights violations to systematic enforced disappearances and extrajudicial executions, accompanied by mass “illegal cremations.” Indian security officials have dismissed claims of human rights violations as unavoidable “aberrations” during the counterinsurgency against alleged terrorists in Punjab from 1984 to 1995.

Protecting the Killers

India: Time to Deliver Justice for Atrocities in Punjab Investigate and Prosecute Perpetrators of 'Disappearances' and Killings

Twenty Years of Impunity

The November 1984 Pogroms of Sikhs in India